Conduta antissocial: um construto unidimensional ou multidimensional?

This study aimed at evaluating the internal consistency of the Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and analyze its factor structure. Specifically, it sought to evaluate the suitability of one-factor and multifactorial models, and to verify the extent to which scores of antisocial behavior vary according to gender. We counted with two different samples of school adolescents. They answered, among other measures, the Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and demographic questions. The results indicated that the multidimensional model composed of five independent factors was more suitable than the one-factor model as well as the model with five factors of first order and a higher order factor. The male participants had higher scores on aggression, theft, conduct against the rules and vandalism. No significant differences were found for problems with drug abuse. We conclude, therefore, that the antisocial behavior is adequately represented by a multidimensional structure comprising acts of different types and gravities, and that these are more likely in males than femalesEste estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la consistencia interna del Cuestionario de Comportamientos Antisociales y analizar su estructura factorial. Específicamente, se buscó comprobar la adecuación de un modelo unifactorial y dos multifactoriales, además de verificar en qué medida las puntuaciones de los comportamientos antisociales varían en función del género de los participantes. Para su realización se contó con dos muestras distintas de adolescentes escolarizados. Estos respondieron, entre otras medidas, al Cuestionario de Comportamientos Antisociales y a algunas preguntas demográficas. Los resultados indicaron que el modelo multidimensional compuesto por cinco factores independientes fue más adecuado que el modelo unifactorial y que el modelo con cinco factores de primer orden y un factor de orden superior. Los participantes de sexo masculino presentaron una mayor puntuación en los factores agresión, robo, conducta contra las normas y vandalismo, no existiendo diferencias significativas para problemas con abuso de drogas. Se concluyó, por lo tanto, que los comportamientos antisociales son adecuadamente representados por una estructura multidimensional compuesta por actos de diferentes tipos y gravedad, y que estos son más probables en individuos del sexo masculino que del femeninoEste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a consistência interna do Questionário de Comportamentos Antissociais e analisar a sua estrutura fatorial. Especificamente, buscou-se comprovar a adequação de um modelo unifatorial e dois multifatoriais, além de verificar em que medida as pontuações dos comportamentos antissociais variam em função do gênero dos participantes. Para a sua realização contou-se com duas amostras distintas de adolescentes escolarizados. Eles responderam, entre outras medidas, ao Questionário de Comportamentos Antissociais e a algumas perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo multidimensional composto por cinco de primeira ordem e um fator de ordem superior. Os participantes de sexo masculino apresentaram uma maior pontuação nos fatores agressão, roubo, conduta contra as normas e vandalismo, não existindo diferenças significativas para problemas com abuso de drogas. Concluiu-se, portanto, que os comportamentos antissociais são adequadamente representados por uma estrutura multidimensional composta por atos de diferentes tipos e gravidade, e que estes são mais prováveis em indivíduos do sexo masculino que do femininoS

Conduta antissocial: um construto unidimensional ou multidimensional?

This study aimed at evaluating the internal consistency of the Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and analyze its factor structure. Specifically, it sought to evaluatethe suitability of one-factor and multifactorial models, and to verify the extent to which scores of antisocial behavior vary according to gender. We counted with twodifferent samples of school adolescents. They answered, among other measures, the Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and demographic questions. The resultsindicated that the multidimensional model composed of five independent factors was more suitable than the one-factor model as well as the model with five factorsof first order and a higher order factor. The male participants had higher scores on aggression, theft, conduct against the rules and vandalism. No significantdifferences were found for problems with drug abuse. We conclude, therefore, that the antisocial behavior is adequately represented by a multidimensional structurecomprising acts of different types and gravities, and that these are more likely in males than females.Keywords: Antisocial behavior, dimensionality, factorialstructure, gender differences.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la consistencia interna del Cuestionario de Comportamientos Antisociales y analizar su estructura factorial. Específicamente, se buscó comprobar la adecuación de un modelo unifactorial y dos multifactoriales, además de verificar en qué medida las puntuaciones de los comportamientos antisociales varían en función del género de los participantes. Para su realización se contó con dos muestras distintas de adolescentes escolarizados. Éstos respondieron, entre otras medidas, al Cuestionario de Comportamientos Antisociales y a algunas preguntas demográficas. Los resultados indicaron que el modelo multidimensional compuesto por cinco factores independientes fue más adecuado que el modelo unifactorial y que el modelo con cinco factores de primer orden y un factor de orden superior. Los participantes de sexo masculino presentaron una mayor puntuación en los factores agresión, robo, conducta contras las normas y vandalismo, no existiendo diferencias significativas para problemas con abuso de drogas. Se concluyó, por lo tanto, que los comportamientos antisociales son adecuadamente representados por una estructura multidimensional compuesta por actos de diferentes tipos y gravedad, y que éstos son más probables en individuos del sexo masculino que del femenino.Palabras clave: conducta antisocial, dimensionalidad, estructura factorial, diferencia de género.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a consistência interna do Questionário de Comportamentos Antissociais e analisar a sua estrutura fatorial.  Especificamente, buscou-se comprovar a adequação de um modelo unifatoriale dois multifatoriais, além de verificar em que medida as pontuações dos comportamentos antissociais variam em função do gênero dos participantes. Para a sua realização contou-se com duas amostras distintas de adolescentes escolarizados. Eles responderam, entre outras medidas, ao Questionário de Comportamentos Antissociais e a algumas perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que o modelo multidimensional composto por cinco de primeira ordem e um fator de ordem superior. Os participantes de sexo masculino apresentaram uma maior pontuação nos fatores agressão, roubo, conduta contra as normas e vandalismo, não existindo diferenças significativas para problemas com abuso de drogas. Concluiu-se, portanto, que os comportamentos antissociais são adequadamente representados por uma estrutura multidimensional composta por atos de diferentes tipos e gravidade, e que estes são mais prováveis em indivíduos do sexo masculino que do feminino.Palavras-chave: conduta antissocial, dimensionalidade, estrutura fatorial, diferença de gênero

Home-based exercise program in the indeterminate form of Chagas disease (PEDI-CHAGAS study): A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

BackgroundChagas disease (CD) is a neglected endemic disease with worldwide impact due to migration. Approximately 50–70% of individuals in the chronic phase of CD present the indeterminate form, characterized by parasitological and/or serological evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, but without clinical signs and symptoms. Subclinical abnormalities have been reported in indeterminate form of CD, including pro-inflammatory states and alterations in cardiac function, biomarkers and autonomic modulation. Moreover, individuals with CD are usually impacted on their personal and professional life, making social insertion difficult and impacting their mental health and quality of life (QoL). Physical exercise has been acknowledged as an important strategy to prevent and control numerous chronic-degenerative diseases, but unexplored in individuals with the indeterminate form of CD. The PEDI-CHAGAS study (which stands for “Home-Based Exercise Program in the Indeterminate Form of Chagas Disease” in Portuguese) aims to evaluate the effects of a home-based exercise program on physical and mental health outcomes in individuals with indeterminate form of CD.Methods and designThe PEDI-CHAGAS is a two-arm (exercise and control) phase 3 superiority randomized clinical trial including patients with indeterminate form of CD. The exclusion criteria are <18 years old, evidence of non-Chagasic cardiomyopathy, musculoskeletal or cognitive limitations that preclude the realization of exercise protocol, clinical contraindication for regular exercise, and regular physical exercise (≥1 × per week). Participants will be assessed at baseline, and after three and 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcome will be QoL. Secondary outcomes will include blood pressure, physical fitness components, nutritional status, fatigability, autonomic modulation, cardiac morphology and function, low back pain, depression and anxiety, stress, sleep quality, medication use and adherence, and biochemical, inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers. Participants in the intervention group will undergo a home-based exercise program whilst those in the control group will receive only general information regarding the benefits of physical activity. Both groups will receive the same general nutritional counseling consisting of general orientations about healthy diets.ConclusionThe findings from the present study may support public health intervention strategies to improve physical and mental health parameters to be implemented more effectively in this population.Clinical trial registration[https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-10yxgcr9/], identifier [U1111-1263-0153]

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Interlocuções entre a psicologia analítica-comportamental e da libertação: algumas contribuições de Skinner e Martín-Baró

Ethics in relationships, decisions and daily actions is an attribute usually desired by most people. However, it seems sustainable to affirm that all human actions are guided by a specific ethical. Thus, the scientific work is no exception. Since science aims to bring a change in the way of life of individuals, it is up to Ethics to determine how this science is supposed to be applied in order to provide the desired change. In this sense, this article aims to articulate the theory and behavior analysis technology from Skinner and the proposal undertaken by Martín-Baró, especially regarding to ethical aspects. After that, we will analyze how these might be a consistent theoretical framework for the construction of a favorable practice for the promotion of ethical behavior, under this framework, especially in Latin America. The Liberation Psychology propositions constitute a possible secondary value to be used as a guideline for psychologist work to promote the survival of culture, primary ethical value, according to Skinner. In this sense, the integration of different perspectives enables a reflexive movement concerning the psychologists ethical doing.A ética nas relações, decisões e ações cotidianas é um atributo normalmente almejado pela maioria das pessoas. Todavia, parece sustentável afirmar que toda ação humana está pautada por uma ética específica. Sendo assim, o fazer científico não é exceção. Uma vez que a ciência se propõe a trazer uma mudança no modo de vida dos indivíduos, caberia à ética determinar de que forma essa ciência seria aplicada a fim de prover a mudança almejada. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende articular a teoria e tecnologia da Análise do Comportamento, a partir de Skinner, com a proposta empreendida por Martín-Baró, principalmente no que diz respeito aos aspectos éticos. A partir disso, analisar-se-á de que modo poderiam esses referenciais teóricos coadunar para a construção de uma práxis favorável à promoção de comportamentos éticos, sob este referencial, em especial, no contexto da América Latina. As proposições da Psicologia da Libertação constituem um possível valor secundário a ser utilizado como diretriz do trabalho do psicólogo que trabalha no sentindo de promover a sobrevivência da cultura, valor ético primordial, segundo Skinner. Deste modo, a integração de diferentesperspectivas possibilita um movimento reflexivo acerca de seu fazer ético enquanto profissional

INTERLOCUÇÕES ENTRE A PSICOLOGIA ANALÍTICA-COMPORTAMENTAL E DA LIBERTAÇÃO: ALGUMAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE SKINNER E MARTÍN-BARÓ

A ética nas relações, decisões e ações cotidianas é um atributo normalmente almejado pela maioria das pessoas. Todavia, parece sustentável afirmar que toda ação humana está pautada por uma ética específica. Sendo assim, o fazer científico não é exceção. Uma vez que a ciência se propõe a trazer uma mudança no modo de vida dos indivíduos, caberia à ética determinar de que forma essa ciência seria aplicada a fim de prover a mudança almejada. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo pretende articular a teoria e tecnologia da Análise do Comportamento, a partir de Skinner, com a proposta empreendida por Martín-Baró, principalmente no que diz respeito aos aspectos éticos. A partir disso, analisar-se-á de que modo poderiam esses referenciais teóricos coadunar para a construção de uma práxis favorável à promoção de comportamentos éticos, sob este referencial, em especial, no contexto da América Latina. As proposições da Psicologia da Libertação constituem um possível valor secundário a ser utilizado como diretriz do trabalho do psicólogo que trabalha no sentindo de promover a sobrevivência da cultura, valor ético primordial, segundo Skinner. Deste modo, a integração de diferentes perspectivas possibilita um movimento reflexivo acerca de seu fazer ético enquanto profissional. Palavras-chave: Ética; análise do comportamento; psicologia da libertação.   Ethics in relationships, decisions and daily actions is an attribute usually desired by most people. However, it seems sustainable to affirm that all human actions are guided by a specific ethical. Thus, the scientific work is no exception. Since science aims to bring a change in the way of life of individuals, it is up to Ethics to determine how this science is supposed to be applied in order to provide the desired change. In this sense, this article aims to articulate the theory and behavior analysis technology from Skinner and the proposal undertaken by Martín-Baró, especially regarding to ethical aspects. After that, we will analyze how these might be a consistent theoretical framework for the construction of a favorable practice for the promotion of ethical behavior, under this framework, especially in Latin America. The Liberation Psychology propositions constitute a possible secondary value to be used as a guideline for psychologist work to promote the survival of culture, primary ethical value, according to Skinner. In this sense, the integration of different perspectives enables a reflexive movement concerning the psychologists ethical doing. Keywords: Ethics; behavior analysis; liberation psychology